THROAT-HOLD AND ARM THROWS OVER THE SHOULDER

THE KNEELING AND RISING THROW OVER THE SHOULDER — HOW TO RENDER THE FALLEN ADVERSARY HELP­LESS

Thereis a throat-hold, with an accom­panying throw, that is very much used by the Japanese. When attempted by the expert this feat is easily and successfully performed, but it requires considerable practice, and the neophyte must not look for immediate skill with this trick.

An excellent idea of the manner of taking the tackle may be gained from photograph No. 9. Indeed, nearly everything except the actual fall is clearly shown.

The victim has been attacked at his left side. The assailant has thrown his left arm under his victim's left arm, the assaulting arm passing squarely over the victim's throat, and the hand being clutched in the garment just back of the right shoulder. At the same time the assailant has so placed himself that his buttocks are against those of the victim. The assailant having bent forward, all that remains is a quick throw over the hip.

NO. 10. STRAININa AN OPPONENTS ARM AFTER HE HAS BEEN THROWN

No. 11. JIU-JITSU AGAINST THE BOXER-A SIMPLE STYLE OF DEFENSE,

Were it not for one thing, this hold would be, in itself, sufficiently disconcerting to the victim. But the latter has his right hand free, and, if he be merely held in this position, he could use the free hand for mischief. From the nature of their relative positions all that is to be left to the assailant by way of making his attack final is to complete the throw over the hip and leave his adversary prostrate. One with ordinary muscular development can readily acquire the knack of combining his pull with a quick wrench of the body that ac­complishes the fall. Speed in securing the hold is not difficult of attainment. The combi­nation of hold and throw, performed so rapidly that the victim is on his back seemingly in a second from the instant when he is first at­tacked, is what calls for a good deal of practice. At the outset it is an excellent idea for the student to practise the hold and the throw separately—that is, so far as the performance with speed is concerned. Devote a certain number of trials to securing the hold as quickly as it can be done, then making a little pause before trying the throw. After that, make a few attempts in which the hold is taken in a leisurely way, followed by a throw as rapid as it can be made. By degrees the embryo jiu-jitsian will find speed in the entirety of the performance coming to him.

The feat known to Anglo-Saxon wrestlers as the "flying mare " is common to the Japanese, but is not looked upon as a performance of especial value. One that answers the purpose much better, when the muscular strength and the agility of the assailant are equal to the oc­casion, is the following:

Seize the wrist of the intended victim, and pull his captured arm over your shoulder from behind. In the same moment of doing this sink to the floor on the knee of the same side of the body as the shoulder over which the throw is being made. Retaining the hold on the victim's captured wrist with both hands, force his hand straight downward until it touches, or nearly touches, the floor before you.

As soon as the victim's captured wrist has been forced as close to the floor as possible, rise quickly to your feet, bending your body backward in rising. This rise must be accom­plished with such a movement of your own body that the victim will fall forward over the shoulder as you rise. He will land on the floor, and with this advantage—that you have retained your hold on his captured wrist, and that arm is at your mercy. It is possible, often, to step on his other arm, thus pinning it to the floor. There is nothing left that the victim can do, as your feet are too near his head for him to succeed in kicking you. Now, in bringing the victim's arm over the shoulder, there must be an invariable rule: If it is his left wrist that is seized, carry it over the right shoulder; if the right wrist is seized carry it over the left shoulder. If the right wrist, for instance, were carried over the right shoulder, then the intended victim would be squarely behind his assailant, and could throw his left arm around his adversary's neck and prevent the fall. But with the right arm carried over the left shoulder, the victim's left arm is kept out of the sphere of action and cannot be used in time to prevent the success of the assault.

At first, in training, it will be sufficient to make this throw slowly, relying upon each succeeding bit of practice to make the speed increase gradually. Even if the muscular strength is not at first adequate to the de­mands made upon it by this throw, repeated practice will bring about the needed muscular conditions by degrees.

Once the victim has been sent to the ground, what to do with him there, in order to prevent him from at once renewing the contest, be­comes a matter of prime importance. It has been pointed out that some of the throws leave the victim in such a position that one of his arms may be secured by retaining the hold taken upon it at the beginning of the throw, while the other arm may be stepped upon. In cases where the defeated combatant falls so that he lies over one of his arms, thus prevent­ing stepping upon it, the assailant has the other course open of stepping on his fallen adver­sary's side.

Photograph No. 10 depicts an excellent way of reducing the victim to instant and complete submission. Here the assailant has fallen upon his adversary in such manner that the former's knee is pressing severely into the "soft part" just below the last rib. The assailant has re­tained his hold on the victim's left wrist, and now draws that arm over his knee. The inside of the wrist is kept upward, and the downward pressure at the wrist is such as to cause intense pain in this captured arm.

It is imperative that this position of the wrist of the captured arm be thoroughly understood. With the wrist up and the arm being pressed severely downward the arm is being forced to bend in the way that Nature did not intend it to bend. In other words, the assailant is trying to make the arm "bend the wrong way," and it is apparent at first thought that this process cannot be carried very far without causing the most intense pain. In­deed, if this backward pressure of the arm across the knee be applied with too great severity, the captured arm will be broken. It is sufficient, however, to give pressure enough to cause the victim to wince and surrender. The pain will disappear as soon as the pressure is abandoned—in case, of course, the pressure has not been applied so viciously as to break the bone.

It is to be noted, also, that the assailant has his knee under the captured arm at a point above the elbow. If the knee pressure were applied as far down as the back of the fore-arm there would not be leverage enough to cause the victim any appreciable pain.
So important is this principle, in many appli­cations in jiu-jitsu, that it is well to repeat it in other words:

Always bear in mind, when attempting to cause pain in the arm by this trick, that the arm must be forced backward in the way that nature did not intend it to go, and that counter-pressure must be applied to the back of the upper arm. if the arm is bent in the direction that nature intended it to bend no pain will be caused.

It will be noted also in photograph No. 10 that the assailant's right hand is well employed. The fingers of the hand are thrust inside the shirt, while the thumb is gripped outside. (This application of the hand to the lapel of a coat will answer the same purpose.) The knuckles of the back of the assailant's hand are pressed with grinding force against the upper ribs of the victim at a point close to the shoulder. The grip of the hand on the shirt or coat lapel gives leverage for more severe pressure of knuckles against ribs. A little ex­perimenting by the student upon himself will show that pressure of knuckles against the ribs at this point is productive of considerable pain. The victim in the case shown in photograph No. 10, being inflicted with severe pain at two points, and being at the same time incapable of countering, is quickly reduced to submission.

There are many applications of the principle of bending the arm in the wrong way that the student can discover by intelligent practice. A few hints along this line will be given here. With your right hand seize the victim's left wrist, and raise his arm horizontally sideways.

At the same time place the heel of the left hand under his upper arm, with the fingers upward across the back of the arm. Pull your right hand toward you, and push your left hand forcibly away from you. The victim's arm is made to go "the wrong way," and he can be forced to spin around as rapidly as his assailant can run around with him. The same feat may be performed by hooking the left fore-arm back of the victim's upper left arm and forcing back with your right hand at his wrist as before.

Or, coming up behind your victim, seize his upper arm at the back with one hand and push forward against his arm held horizontally, while with the other hand pulling backward on his wrist.

If the victim has been thrown forward on his face, fall so that one knee pins him down in the back. With the other knee resting squarely on the back of his arm, about midway between shoulder and elbow, pull the wrist upward. Simply the pressure of the knee across the back of his arm, augmented by the weight of the assailant above, is enough to cause a good deal of pain, but when to this downward pressure of the knee is added the pulling up of the arm at the wrist, the pain is such that the victim cannot endure it.

No. 12. DEFENSE AGAINST BOTH FI5TS OF THE BOXER.

No. 13. THE BOXER'S RIGHT STOPPED AND ON GUARD AGAINST HIS LEFT

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